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India's External Relations Class 12 Notes Jun 2026

Under Indira Gandhi, India supported the liberation movement in East Pakistan. The decisive victory led to the creation of Bangladesh and the signing of the Shimla Agreement (1972) .

India maintains a "Special and Privileged Strategic Partnership" with Russia, especially in defense and energy. Key Terms for Revision Panchsheel: 5 principles of peace (1954). Bandung Conference (1955): Precursor to NAM.

India conducted its first nuclear explosion, termed a "Peaceful Nuclear Explosion." india's external relations class 12 notes

Instead of joining the US-led or Soviet-led blocs, India co-founded NAM. This allowed India to: Take independent international stands.

The first clash over Kashmir led to the matter being taken to the UN. Under Indira Gandhi, India supported the liberation movement

The relationship with Pakistan has been defined by the legacy of Partition and the Kashmir dispute.

Here is a comprehensive breakdown of the key concepts, events, and figures in India’s external relations. 1. The Basis of India’s Foreign Policy Key Terms for Revision Panchsheel: 5 principles of

In 1950, China annexed Tibet. India initially remained quiet but granted asylum to the Dalai Lama in 1959 after a failed uprising, which angered China.

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